Toilet seats > shoes.

Have you ever thought about how dirty your shoes can be? I mean it makes sense, they are what keep you from the dirty dirty floor each and every day. Most people don't really think about it, but they should. A study conducted by the University of Arizona shows there are more that nine different types of bacteria that can be found on our shoes at any given time. These bacteria can cause infections in our eyes, lungs, and stomachs. A second study done by "Good Morning America" tested the bottom of 8 peoples shoes, only to find 66 MILLION organisms. 'GMA's" test results showed that the bottoms of your shoes were dirtier than a toilet seat. Out of 10 tests GMA conducted 9 showed traces of coliform. Which is a type of bacteria usually found from animal waste.

So why should we care? I mean it's not like we eat off our shoes. Well think about it; you bring all that bacteria into your house each time you get home. Children are the most vulnerable to germs, they play on the floor and put things they find on the floor into their mouths. A study shows a child puts their hands into their mouths an average 80 times a hour. Do you really want that for your child or sibling? More than 90% of the time bacteria from your shoes actually transfers to the floors. Unless you're a clean freak and constantly clean your house, your shoes can actually effect your health. It really bugs me thinking I'm dragging in all the places I've been that day. Ways to keep clean are to wash your shoes, or take them off at the door. And always wash your hands after taking your shoes off.

http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Consumer/story?id=5177409

Stupidity is actually contagious.

Research shows a virus was actually found in throats of 40% of the people in a research group. This is important because that same 40% actually tested lower in mental awareness and visual processing than the rest of the group. This virus usually attacks green algae, so it's strange how its found in humans. This is really interesting because it leads to the idea that this virus actually makes people dumber. When I first looked into this research I was shocked; is it possible a virus can actually make you more stupid than people that don't have it? How does one get this disease?

Theres hundreds of different viruses and even more mutations to each one! The virus Clorovirus ATCV-1 has been around for years, but it had never been found in healthy humans before. It's not harmful, unless you consider loosing a few points in an IQ test "harmful". It amazes me that this virus has some effect on your brain, but leaves you healthy. This study showed that there are possibilities of more microbes that have affects on your mental abilities.

Dr. Robert Yolken, a virologist that was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, commented on this studying saying "this is a striking example showing that the 'innocuous' microorganisms we carry can affect our behavior and cognition". It amazes me that there are organisms that can actually affect our mental abilities. I didn't even know that was possible until this article informed me!


http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/23380

Is your pillow trying to kill you?

Have you ever thought about what lives in your pillow? Like really thought about how dirty it could be? If you are already a border-line germaphobe, maybe think twice before reading this or it might push you over the edge! Bacteria thrive in moist, warm environments.. like your pillow. It is constantly sitting in your stale bedroom air, day after day, just letting bacteria breed. Who knew, but pillows are actually the perfect breeding ground for bacteria. The bacteria found in your pillow feed on bodily fluids, all while living in the perfect temperature your body unknowingly creates for it. After collecting data, a study shows there are plenty of unwanted "bugs" living in your pillow. Bugs like MRSA, chicken pox, E. coli, and even leprosy. Since you have been exposed to these different types of diseases and bacteria your entire life, it's really a big risk to you. But it can affect people with immune disorders. A study shows that out of the selected hospital pillows tested, scientists found one million Staphylococcus hominus per millilitre. This can cause very serve infections for people who are in the hospital with already weakened immune systems. A man who worked at the hospital the study took place at even said these pillows can be considered a "bio hazard." This worries me because aren't hospitals supposed to be pretty clean? 

Changing out the pillow case does not automatically make the pillow clean, it takes more than that. The article suggests you should clean your pillows every one to three months by washing them in water 60C or higher or you can put them in the freezer for more than 24 hours to kill the bacteria. I am definitely taking this new information to heart. I'm the type of person that changes my sheets on my bed each week, so finding out my bed is still dirty after all that bothers me! Isn't it strange how there is entire colonies living right next to you each night and you don't even realize it? 

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2006760/Pillows-breeding-grounds-pests-diseases.html

Virus spreading across US.

What used to be known as a "rare" virus called enterovirus D68 found 50 years ago made a reappearence this year. Almost 600 people in the United States have been infected with this virus. The virus mainly attacks young children and teens because they have yet to build up their immune systems to viruses like this beforehand. It has sparked an interest because of how severe it is compared to other virus' with similar symptoms. EV-D68 has been found in the bodies of 5 children who have unfortunately passed away this September. The CDC has not confirmed that the virus was the cause of death, but 4 of the children were confirmed with EV-D68 before they died. The scary thing is one of the children had no symptoms prior to his death.

Cases involve young kids, most common in kids with prior respiratory conditions; asthma or wheezing. After being infected symptoms include; 

-fever.

-trouble with breathing.

-sneezing.

-coughing. 

- weakness of limbs.

-paralysis.

EV-D68 is easily spread through sneezing, coughing and touching infected areas. What is so interesting about the enterovirus 68 is that there is no treatment for it. Even though it's almost like a severe common cold. The CDC is worried an epidemic is in the foreseeable future because it is so easily spread and because there is no vaccine yet. 

It blows my mind this many people have been exposed and infected to this virus but there is no treatment or vaccine. You would think there would more concern over this since it is mainly attacking young children and there have been deaths due to it. Why has it taken us so long to find treatment if this virus has been around for 50 years?

http://www.vox.com/2014/9/8/6122471/what-we-know-about-the-new-enterovirus-outbreak-virus

First confirmed case of Ebola in US.

Ebola is a disease caused by ebolavirus. Symptoms occur two days to three weeks after contracting the virus. Symptoms; fever, muscle pain, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, rash. You can contract the virus when you come into contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.

On September 30th, 2014 the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has now confirmed the first case of Ebola in the United States. The patient had visited Liberia the week before and traveled back to Dallas, Texas. Four days later the patient fell ill and is now being treated at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital. On Monday the premises was isolated because the patient was showing signs of the killer virus, Ebola. CDC director, Dr. Tom Frieden, said the patient is "critically ill" but he is confident the virus will not spread farther than the people the patient came in contact with. There is talk about "experimental therapies" used as treatment for the patient, but the article does not go into detail about what they are. They did not release flight information because they did not want to cause a panic and the patient did not show symptoms until four days after the flight. Last Tuesday the patient was confirmed with the strain of Ebola.

After reading this article it really made me nervous. I don't like knowing it's so close to home, I hope that the CDC is able to contain and treat the virus before it spreads anywhere else. Since this virus is so deadly and there is no treatment, it has the possibility of wiping out a high number of people. What is preventing us from finding a treatment since this virus has been around for years? Is there some type of vaccine we can get to prevent getting the disease? It really worries me that we won't be able to stop it in time and there will be an outbreak.




http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ebola-texas-story.html

The Walking Dead: A True Story?

Zombie are pretty popular nowadays. Not actual flesh-eating-zombies, but the idea of these horrible creatures. There are countless TV shows, movies and games based on just zombies. Why are we so entertained by these nasty monsters? I’m not sure but I do know if they were real we would not be so friendly.  Scientists have found out that a mutated rabies virus could actually turn humans into zombies. This doesn’t mean we could bring the dead back to life, but the virus does cause certain zombie-like behavior.

So what is this virus? Well, it’s a mutation of the common rabies virus. Rabies affects the central nervous system. Which can lead to the possibility of driving people mad. This infection does not affect it’s victims as quickly as it does in the TV shows and movie zombies. It takes time, as long as a year to take the body over completely! Signs a human might be infected with rabies; confusion, hallucinations, anxiety and it can even paralyze you. The ideal conditions for this “zombie” like virus would be if the rabies virus and a flu virus combined. This way the infection could spread through the air, contaminating more people. The only way rabies is spread is if a human is bit by an animal that is already infected with the disease. Thankfully the infection stops there.

 The only way this virus would cause an epidemic is if it were airborne. To do this it would have to take certain traits form the flu virus to spread. This is possible because it is not uncommon for virus to mutate by swapping pieces of genetic material with one another. Although it might not be possible to do this naturally, it is possible to engineer a virus like this one. It is extremely hard, but possible.

I picked this article because I found it really informative and interesting. And I’m definitely one of the people that is guilty of being suckered into watching these zombie TV shows and movies. But what I’m wondering is if this virus could be created and used as a weapon? And how fast would we be able to come up with a  cure?

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/1001027-rabies-influenza-zombie-virus-science/

Sharks are friends, not food.

New studies show that sharks have a substance that can not only stop deadly viruses in their tracks, but can also cure some cancers in humans! Scientists have found a compound in the tissue of dogfish sharks. These compounds have been used in human trials to treat diseases that might've been hard to treat before.

Dogfish Shark.

This compound found in the shark's tissue is called squalamine. A new study has revealed squalamine can interrupt a virus's life cycle by stopping it from reproducing in both live animals and tissue. Although there are plenty of antibiotics to treat infections, there are very few drugs that fight viruses. The tough thing about virus' is that they mutate into different strains, which the one-strain antibiotic cannot fight against. Squalamine has been used to fight diseases such as hepatitis, or dengue fever. It is also being used to treat cancer and eye disorders. Squalamine inhibits the growth of blood vessels, leading to the fact that molecule could potentially stop cancer cells from replicating. There have been no major side effects of the substance yet.Later discoveries showed that after squalamine inhibited diseases such as yellow fever, eastern equine encephalitis virus and murine cytomegalovirus, cured the test (animal) subjects. Scientists have yet to run human trials.

Micheal Zasloff, is the discoverer of squalamine. After finding squalamine in 1993, Zasloff said it "looked like nothing else that had ever been described or discovered". 

Chemical structure of Squalamine.
Chemical Formula: C34H65N3O5S

After entering a cell, squalamine, which is a positively charged molecule, sticks to the cells inner membrane, which has negative charges. Meaning squalamine takes any positively charged proteins, but does no harm to the cell. So when a virus enters a cell, it looks of the proteins that the squalamine has taken, leaving it impossible to reproduce. Since 1995 we have been able to synthesize squalamine in laboratories, meaning there is no need to harm sharks for this wonderful compound. It's exciting to wonder what will happen next with this amazing discovery. Sharks have been around for 700 million years thanks to squalamine. "Now it's a gift to us." Zasloff adds. 

I think it's amazing that we've discovered something so beneficial to us as humans in something we think of as deadly. I'm surprised we didn't find this discovery sooner.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/110919-sharks-drugs-medicine-viruses-science-health-squalamine/